Robotics has many areas of application. In the beginning, robots were installed in industries (since 1961), to perform repetitive tasks with constant precision.
From now on, since at least 2000, the robots are implanted in almost all the industries, for all the uses.
industry
Robots are extensively used in the industry, where they perform relentless and rigorous tasks relentlessly. In the assembly lines of the automotive industry, they replace workers in difficult and dangerous tasks (painting, welding, stamping, etc.). Industrial robots are often equipped with vision systems that provide them with flexibility of execution and ways to check the quality of products manufactured.
Air-Cobot is a collaborative mobile robot designed to perform nondestructive testing of the outside of an aircraft on the airport or in a factory.
medicine
What is called medical robot is actually, in 2009, rather a very powerful tool, driven by the doctor.
The Da Vinci robot is a medical robot that can operate and diagnose patients. 1242 copies were used worldwide in June 2009.
The Cyberknife robot is used to perform various radiotherapy treatments. More than 150 copies were used worldwide in early 2009.
There is also the Stereotaxis Niobe robot, which allows radiofrequency ablation procedures (burning the abnormal pathways inside the heart) in electrophysiology. 159 copies are already installed around the world and more than 44,000 procedures have been performed since its creation (2002).
space
Since Lunokhod 1, scientists have decided to send robots to explore the solar system, in often deadly environments for humans.
As part of the Mars Exploration Rover mission, the Spirit and Opportunity robots travel through Mars to transmit the information obtained through their many sensors to the Earth.
The autonomy of a space exploration robot is mandatory, and must be even greater than it is far from the Earth, because of the time that elapses between the sending of an order from the Earth , and the receipt of this command by the Robot. He must be able to react alone to events that may arise in this time interval.
A military robot is a robot, autonomous or remotely controlled, designed for military applications. Drones are a subclass of military robots.
Systems are already in use in a number of armed forces, with remarkable successes, such as the Predator drone, which is capable of taking surveillance photographs, and even launching ground-based missiles for combat drones. . Studies are continuing because this type of machine offers promising possibilities.
According to a recent WinterGreen Research study titled "Military Mobile Terrestrial Robot Platform Systems to Deal with Terrorists: Market Shares, Strategies, and Global Forecasts, 2015-2021," the global market for military land-based robots is going than triple between 2014, where the sector's revenue was $ 3.2 billion, and 2021, where it could reach $ 10.2 billion.
Hobbies
The fun robotics sector has been developing since 2009, mainly in Japan and South Korea.
Sony was a forerunner in the market, with its robot Aibo which was marketed from 1999 to 2006. Sony has since ceased all development of fun robots for lack of profitability. In 2009, Aldebaran Robotics develops the Nao.
Robosapien is one of the world's best-selling toy robots in 2009, with more than five million copies.
The robot AISoy1 of the Spanish company AISoy Robotics is at the limit of fun and social. He uses artificial intelligence.
Domestic
Domestic robots are robots serving individuals, to help them with their household chores. There are, for example, robot vacuums, lawn mower robots ...
The roomba robot is in 2009 one of the best-selling robots in the world with more than three million copies.
A robographe is a robot that produces a text or a drawing by imitating the gestures of a human.
Today we can see innovative processes for programming industrial robots using motion capture. Using a touch pad, the user makes his drawing. The gesture of his hand is then captured and returned to the robographer who faithfully reproduces the drawing in chronological order.
With this method, it is thus possible to produce series of robographies numbered and signed by the author. This process helps to preserve the gestures of the expert operators in a trade, the conductor, the draftsman or the painter in the world of the surface treatment.
music
In world premiere on May 17, 2008 an industrial robot FANUC ROBOTICS directed two classical pieces facing an instrumental string ensemble in PARIS at the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie. The songs played were Sibelius' Andante festivo and Bartok's Romanian Dances.
The process used was motion capture. This process is already used in the world of video games and movies. Thus the robot arm reproduces the movements of the conductor previously recorded.
During the capture of movements session, white markers are positioned on a joystick and held by the hand. The movements of these sensors are analyzed thanks to a device of optical cameras and translated into 3D coordinates. These coordinates allow the programming of the robot arm that reproduces the movements of the real conductor and can faithfully reinterpret the work on the day of the concert in full autonomy. The whole dimension and the credibility make all sense during the concert. The musicians are focused on the starts, endings, rubatos and nuances and must follow the pace of the robot's gestique to be synchronized. The result provides a freedom in the performance and the songs played take all their authenticity.
In comparison we can note the difference of the method used by the car manufacturer HONDA with the humanoid robot ASIMO who led the Detroit Symphony Orchestra.
It should be noted, however, that the gesture of the robot was a robotic programming and did not restore all the subtleties of a movement of a human arm.
The interesting idea for the future is to be able to digitize the gestures of all great conductors in order to memorize them for future generations. At a pedagogical level it helps explain what a conductor really is and that his role is not just a representation. In no case can we currently replace a human during rehearsals with musicians. The artificial intelligence of robots is insufficient to correct errors in interpretation in real time.
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